
In March 1957, Mercury Records pressed a 45-rpm rockabilly single titled “I Need Your Lovin'” that carried the name Conway Twitty into American record shops for the very first time. For the 23-year-old singer born Harold Lloyd Jenkins, the black vinyl label represented a bargain he had hesitated to make.
Born on September 1, 1933, in Friars Point, Mississippi, to Mississippi River ferryboat captain Floyd Jenkins and his wife, Velma, the boy had been named after silent screen comedian Harold Lloyd. When Harold was 10, the family moved across the river to Helena, Arkansas, where his father bought him a first guitar and taught him his earliest chords. In those working-class river towns, a son’s clearest way to honor his family was to put the Jenkins name in print.
After a Korean War draft notice interrupted a baseball contract offer from the Philadelphia Phillies, Jenkins returned home in 1956 and recorded rockabilly tracks at Sun Studio in Memphis. None of those sessions brought a breakthrough under his birth name. When New York manager Don Seat stepped in, he insisted that Harold Jenkins sounded too ordinary to sell records to teenage rock and roll buyers.
Jenkins resisted at first because he wanted his parents and Helena neighbors to recognize Floyd and Velma’s son if his voice ever came through a local radio or jukebox. Only after Seat convinced him that a sharper stage billing could secure a national recording contract and support his family did the young singer unfold a southern road map. He spotted Conway, Arkansas, and Twitty, Texas, joined the two small towns together, and sent word home to his parents and relatives before the first records shipped so they would know who was singing.
Even with the new billing, success did not arrive right away. Produced by Bob Shad and backed with “Born to Sing the Blues,” that March 1957 debut on Mercury stalled at number 93 on the Billboard pop chart. When a second 1957 Mercury release, “Shake It Up” backed with “Maybe Baby,” failed to chart at all, the label dropped him after only a handful of sessions.
Those 1957 records still did critical work. They introduced the Conway Twitty name to radio programmers and booking agents, and in 1958 he signed with MGM Records. That year, a song he wrote with his drummer Jack Nance between sets in Ontario, “It’s Only Make Believe,” was issued as the B-side to “I’ll Try.” After an Ohio radio station flipped the single over, the record climbed to number one on the Billboard pop chart, topped charts in 21 countries, and sold more than four million copies.
Following further pop hits including “Danny Boy” and “Lonely Blue Boy,” he grew tired of the rock and roll road, walked off a New Jersey nightclub stage in 1965, and started over in country music. He briefly weighed recording country songs under Harold Jenkins while leaving Conway Twitty behind for rock and roll, then decided to keep the stage name that had already paid his family’s bills. Working with producer Owen Bradley at Decca Records in Nashville, he scored his first country number one in November 1968 with “Next in Line” and went on to set a genre record of 40 Billboard country chart-toppers.
The commercial reach of that stage name paid for the family compound he opened in 1982 in Hendersonville, Tennessee. Built at a cost of more than $3.5 million on nine acres, Twitty City drew fans to its 24-room colonial mansion, showcase auditorium, gardens, and museum. Behind the public attraction, the property was designed as a private residential enclave that kept his closest kin on the same grounds.
Alongside his own residence, he built a dedicated house on the property for his mother, Velma, and separate homes for each of his four adult children, Michael, Kathy, Joni Lee, and Jimmy. Earlier in his career, his parents had also run a supper club back on Moon Lake in Mississippi called Conway’s. At Hendersonville, his mother and children lived just steps away from the business offices of Conway Twitty Enterprises, sharing daily life inside the estate his records funded.
Outside the gates, millions of listeners knew only the map-born stage name, yet legal documents, U.S. Tax Court filings, and family members continued to use his birth name. When he died at age 59 on June 5, 1993, after collapsing on his tour bus in Branson, Missouri, his family buried him at Sumner Memorial Gardens in Gallatin, Tennessee, inside a red granite vault engraved not with the name from the 1957 Mercury labels, but with Harold L. Jenkins.