
In 1969, while riding on Porter Wagoner’s tour bus without a notepad in reach, a 23-year-old Dolly Parton grabbed a dry-cleaning receipt from one of Wagoner’s rhinestone stage suits and wrote “Coat of Many Colors” on the back.
Thirty-seven years later, on December 3, 2006, that composition echoed through the Opera House at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. Wearing the rainbow ribbon of the 29th Kennedy Center Honors around her neck, Parton sat in the Presidential Box beside President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush. She shared the 2006 class of honorees with director Steven Spielberg, composer Andrew Lloyd Webber, conductor Zubin Mehta, and songwriter Smokey Robinson.
For much of her public career, Parton’s Rhinestone-heavy stage wardrobe and quick East Tennessee humor drew the first headlines. Yet by the time she arrived in Washington, she had written more than 3,000 songs, turning the details of her upbringing in a two-room Sevier County cabin into one of the foundational catalogs in American music. The ceremony at the Kennedy Center stripped away the novelty image and placed her work as a writer at the center of the room.
When Shania Twain and Alison Krauss stepped onto the Opera House stage to harmonize on “Coat of Many Colors,” they were singing the story Parton considered her personal favorite among all her compositions. Growing up as one of twelve children in the Great Smoky Mountains, Parton had watched her mother, Avie Lee, take a donated box of fabric scraps and stitch a winter coat while telling the biblical story of Joseph. After classmates mocked the patchwork garment at school, Parton carried the memory into adulthood until the lyrics poured out on Wagoner’s tour bus.
Recorded at RCA Studio B in Nashville in April 1971, the song climbed to number four on the country charts. Wagoner later had the original dry-cleaning slip framed, and it eventually went on display beside a recreated coat stitched by Avie Lee at Parton’s Chasing Rainbows Museum in Dollywood.
The Kennedy Center program traced how quickly Parton’s songwriting expanded during those early Nashville years. When she decided to end her seven-year professional partnership with Wagoner to build a solo career, she sat down in 1973 and wrote “I Will Always Love You” as a direct parting message to her mentor. During that same writing stretch, inspired by a red-haired bank teller who flirted with her husband, Carl Dean, and took its name from a young fan who asked for an autograph, she also penned “Jolene.”
Both tracks were recorded during the same May 1973 sessions in Nashville. Together, they turned a professional breakup and a moment of domestic humor into two of the most frequently recorded standards of the twentieth century.
Inside the Opera House, her fellow country artists returned those decades of writing and recording to her one piece at a time. Along with Krauss and Twain, Vince Gill and Reba McEntire joined the tribute lineup to perform from her 1970s catalog, while Carrie Underwood took the stage to honor the balladry and duets that carried Parton’s voice onto pop radio.
Midway through the celebration of her duet years, Kenny Rogers walked out to recreate “Islands in the Stream,” their 1983 number-one crossover hit written by the Bee Gees and backed that night by a full gospel choir. At the sight of her longtime singing partner, Parton rose from her chair in the balcony and blew kisses toward the stage.
Between the musical numbers, actress Reese Witherspoon and Parton’s close friend and *9 to 5* co-star Lily Tomlin spoke to the Washington audience about what Parton had built with her publishing royalties back home in Tennessee. In 1995, Parton had established the Imagination Library to mail one free book every month to enrolled children from birth until kindergarten.
She created the program for her father, Robert Lee Parton, a tobacco sharecropper and construction worker who had gone to work as a boy and never learned to read or write. Before Robert Lee died in 2000, he lived long enough to see his daughter’s literacy foundation grow into a point of family pride, telling her it was the most important thing she had ever done.
Avie Lee Parton died three years after her husband in 2003, leaving neither parent alive to watch the December 2006 ceremony in Washington. Throughout the evening, as performers sang back the stories of her childhood and career, Parton repeatedly pressed her hand to her chest and wiped tears from her eyes.
When the final notes faded inside the Opera House, the crowd below the Presidential Box stood for a prolonged ovation while the songwriter from Sevier County looked down from the balcony with the rainbow ribbon resting against her dress.