
At age eight, Dolly Parton traded a broken two-string mandolin for her first real Martin guitar, a gift from her teenage uncle who took her music seriously when almost no one else did.
In 1956, that same uncle, Bill Owens, drove ten-year-old Dolly forty miles down winding mountain roads from Sevier County to a yellow brick building at 319 North Gay Street in downtown Knoxville. Inside the second-floor walkup studio of WIVK-AM, a small auditorium held about sixty people who had crowded in off the sidewalk for grocery store magnate and local politician Cas Walker’s live midday broadcast.
Before those Knoxville broadcasts, the fourth of twelve children born to Robert Lee and Avie Lee Parton had only sung for her siblings and yard chickens in Locust Ridge, Tennessee. Their one-room cabin had no electricity or running water, and Dolly used an empty tin can tied to a stick as a pretend microphone while her mother wrote down her early melodies on paper.
Everything changed around 1954 when Bill Owens, her mother’s younger brother who performed around South Knoxville clubs under the name Billy the Kid, handed eight-year-old Dolly a baby-sized steel-string Martin guitar. Sitting together by kerosene lamp light, he taught her traditional Appalachian folk and country chords until her blistered fingertips hardened into thick calluses.
While other adults laughed whenever a barefoot mountain child talked about becoming a professional singer, Owens treated his niece like a working bandmate. He was already playing guitar for Cas Walker, a fellow Sevier County native who promoted his supermarket chain through the Farm and Home Hour on WIVK radio and WBIR television.
Owens persuaded Walker to let his young niece audition on the Gay Street stage while she wore dresses sewn from feed sacks and fabric scraps. When ten-year-old Dolly finished her first number, the sixty listeners in the room clapped and stomped their feet so hard that Walker hired her as a regular performer alongside veteran singer Carl Butler and her uncle.
By June 1957, local newspapers like the Greeneville Sun were billing her as a young singing sensation on the Cas Walker circuit. Later that year, at age eleven, she stood on a Knoxville stage as one of Cas Walker’s Entertainers on a major multi-artist bill that included Patsy Cline, Jim Reeves, Pee Wee King, and comedian Stringbean.
Over the next six to eight years, Knoxville served as Dolly and Bill’s proving ground across live radio, early local television, and regional store openings. Between those broadcasts, the two sat together writing songs, including an early juvenile tune about teenage infatuation titled “Puppy Love”.
In 1959, Owens and his brother Louis drove thirteen-year-old Dolly thirty hours straight to Lake Charles, Louisiana, where she recorded “Puppy Love” at Goldband Records for her first single release. Even as they began making scouting trips toward Nashville, they kept returning to East Tennessee studios to pay their bills and test new material.
Between 1961 and 1962, fourteen-year-old Dolly and her sisters, billed as the Vocalaires, sang backup harmonies behind Bill and Louis Owens on independent singles recorded in the region. The connections Bill built through the Knoxville shows also helped secure Dolly’s July 25, 1959 guest spot at the Grand Ole Opry, where Jimmy C. Newman yielded his time slot and Johnny Cash introduced her before she earned three encores.
On June 26, 1962, while Dolly was still a student at Sevier County High School, she and Owens signed a songwriting contract with Tree Publishing. Their disciplined writing partnership later produced “Put It Off Until Tomorrow,” which Bill Phillips took into the country top ten in 1966 with Dolly singing uncredited harmony, as well as seven of the twelve tracks on her 1967 debut album, Hello, I’m Dolly.
When Owens passed away in April 2021 at age eighty-five, after decades of writing songs and working on environmental conservation at Dollywood, his niece credited him with putting her where she needed to be from the very beginning.
Long before Nashville publishing houses or theater marquees carried her name, her career was built inside a sixty-seat upstairs studio on Gay Street with her uncle standing beside her with his guitar.